Explain informed consent regarding minors.

• A. Minors always possess full legal competency.
• B. Minors can consent only if a parent is present.
• C. Minors naturally do NOT possess legal competency, unless in an emergency or emancipated.
• D. Minors may refuse treatment regardless.

Answer: (C)

Minors generally do not have legal capacity to give informed consent for medical treatment. The usual rule is that a parent or guardian provides consent after being informed about the proposed care, including benefits, risks, and alternatives. There are important exceptions: in emergencies, treatment can proceed to prevent serious harm without waiting for parental consent; and emancipation or other legal adulthood status can allow a minor to consent on their own behalf. In practice, clinicians also seek the minor’s assent and involve them in the decision to the extent they can understand. This approach ensures that the minor’s views are considered while recognizing the typical limitation on their legal decision-making authority.