Which of the following is NOT listed as an advance directive type in the material?

• A. Healthcare surrogate/proxy.
• B. Living will.
• C. DNR/DNI/artificial nutrition/CMO.
• D. Insurance policy.

Answer: (D)

Advance directives are documents that guide medical care when a person can’t communicate their preferences. The items listed as advance directive types include a healthcare surrogate/proxy, who can make decisions on the patient’s behalf; a living will, which states preferences about treatments; and orders like DNR/DNI or limits on artificial nutrition, often framed as comfort-focused care. An insurance policy, on the other hand, is a financial instrument that describes coverage and benefits, not medical decisions or appointed decision-makers. Because it does not specify treatment preferences or designate who should decide care, it isn’t an advance directive type.